Cycles of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in poultry manure management technologies – environmental aspects

Poultry manure (PM) has become a serious environmental problem due to large scale of industrial production and unsustainable management, causing emissions greenhouse gases (GHGs), odors, leakage nutrients as well inorganic, organic biological pollutants. The main goal this review was get better understanding carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous cycles in processing poultry with the most common technologies such composting, anaerobic digestion, or thermal processes, e.g. pyrolysis. carbon contained matter (ca. 31%) is mineralized humified under aerobic conditions (matter recovery) and/or converted into biogas (energy recovery). PM feedstock for pyrolysis obtain biochar may effectively store prevent C, thus contributing climate change abatement. During nitrogen reduced from compost mixture by leachates form NH4+, NO3− gaseous NH3, N2O, N2. C/N ratio also decisive parameter. Most threats unmanaged result ammonia nitrous oxide emissions, being higher compared cattle cow independently technological processes. mainly inorganic (32-84%). Using untreated fertilizer does not allow taking up high doses phosphorus manure, so excess accumulates soil then leaches groundwater. Biochar struvite are an alternative storage source concentrations phosphorous. Cycles integral effect used management.